django版本:1.4.21。
一、准备工作
1、新建项目和app
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[root@yl - web - test srv] # django-admin.py startproject lxysite [root@yl - web - test srv] # cd lxysite/ [root@yl - web - test lxysite] # python manage.py startapp accounts [root@yl - web - test lxysite] # ls accounts lxysite manage.py |
2、配置app
在项目settings.py中的
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installed_apps = ( 'django.contrib.auth' , 'django.contrib.contenttypes' , 'django.contrib.sessions' , 'django.contrib.sites' , 'django.contrib.messages' , 'django.contrib.staticfiles' , # uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # 'django.contrib.admin', # uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation: # 'django.contrib.admindocs', 'accounts' , ) |
3、配置url
在项目urls.py中配置
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urlpatterns = patterns('', # examples: # url(r'^$', 'lxysite.views.home', name='home'), # url(r'^lxysite/', include('lxysite.foo.urls')), # uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation: # url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')), # uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)), url(r '^accounts/' , include( 'accounts.urls' )), ) |
4、配置templates
新建templates目录来存放模板,
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[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # mkdir templates [root@yl - web - test lxysite] # ls accounts lxysite manage.py templates |
然后在settings中配置
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template_dirs = ( # put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "c:/www/django/templates". # always use forward slashes, even on windows. # don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths. '/srv/lxysite/templates' , ) |
5、配置数据库
我用的是mysql数据库,先创建数据库lxysite
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mysql> create database lxysite; query ok, 1 row affected ( 0.00 sec) |
然后在settings.py中配置
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databases = { 'default' : { 'engine' : 'django.db.backends.mysql' , # add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'. 'name' : 'lxysite' , # or path to database file if using sqlite3. 'user' : 'root' , # not used with sqlite3. 'password' : 'password' , # not used with sqlite3. 'host' : '10.1.101.35' , # set to empty string for localhost. not used with sqlite3. 'port' : '3306' , # set to empty string for default. not used with sqlite3. } } |
然后同步数据库:同步过程创建了一个管理员账号:liuxiaoyan,password,后面就用这个账号登录和注销登录。
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[root@yl - web - test lxysite] # python manage.py syncdb creating tables ... creating table auth_permission creating table auth_group_permissions creating table auth_group creating table auth_user_user_permissions creating table auth_user_groups creating table auth_user creating table django_content_type creating table django_session creating table django_site you just installed django 's auth system, which means you don' t have any superusers defined. would you like to create one now? (yes / no): yes username (leave blank to use 'root' ): liuxiaoyan e - mail address: liuxiaoyan@test.com password: password (again): superuser created successfully. installing custom sql ... installing indexes ... installed 0 object (s) from 0 fixture(s) |
至此,准备工作完成。
二、实现登录功能
使用django自带的用户认证,实现用户登录和注销。
1、定义一个用户登录表单(forms.py)
因为用的了bootstrap框架,执行命令#pip install django-bootstrap-toolkit
安装。
并在settings.py文件中配置
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installed_apps = ( 'django.contrib.auth' , 'django.contrib.contenttypes' , 'django.contrib.sessions' , 'django.contrib.sites' , 'django.contrib.messages' , 'django.contrib.staticfiles' , # uncomment the next line to enable the admin: # 'django.contrib.admin', # uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation: # 'django.contrib.admindocs', 'bootstrap_toolkit' , 'accounts' , ) |
forms.py没有强制规定,建议放在和app的views.py同一目录。
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#coding=utf-8 from django import forms from django.contrib.auth.models import user from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import bootstrapdateinput,bootstraptextinput,bootstrapuneditableinput class loginform(forms.form): username = forms.charfield( required = true, label = u "用户名" , error_messages = { 'required' : '请输入用户名' }, widget = forms.textinput( attrs = { 'placeholder' :u "用户名" , } ) ) password = forms.charfield( required = true, label = u "密码" , error_messages = { 'required' :u '请输入密码' }, widget = forms.passwordinput( attrs = { 'placeholder' :u "密码" , } ), ) def clean( self ): if not self .is_valid(): raise forms.validationerror(u "用户名和密码为必填项" ) else : cleaned_data = super (loginform, self ).clean() |
定义的登录表单有两个域username和password,这两个域都为必填项。
2、定义登录视图views.py
在视图里实例化上一步定义的用户登录表单
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# create your views here. from django.shortcuts import render_to_response,render,get_object_or_404 from django.http import httpresponse, httpresponseredirect from django.contrib.auth.models import user from django.contrib import auth from django.contrib import messages from django.template.context import requestcontext from django.forms.formsets import formset_factory from django.core.paginator import paginator, pagenotaninteger, emptypage from bootstrap_toolkit.widgets import bootstrapuneditableinput from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required from forms import loginform def login(request): if request.method = = 'get' : form = loginform() return render_to_response( 'login.html' ,requestcontext(request,{ 'form' :form,})) else : form = loginform(request.post) if form.is_valid(): username = request.post.get( 'username' ,'') password = request.post.get( 'password' ,'') user = auth.authenticate(username = username,password = password) if user is not none and user.is_active: auth.login(request,user) return render_to_response( 'index.html' ,requestcontext(request)) else : return render_to_response( 'login.html' ,requestcontext(request,{ 'form' :form, 'password_is_wrong' :true})) else : return render_to_response( 'login.html' ,requestcontext(request,{ 'form' :form,})) |
该视图实例化了前面定义的loginform,它的主要业务流逻辑是:
1、判断必填项用户名和密码是否为空,如果为空,提示“用户名和密码为必填项”的错误信息。
2、判断用户名和密码是否正确,如果错误,提示“用户名或密码错误”的错误信息。
3、登录成功后,进入主页(index.html)
3、登录页面模板(login.html)
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<!doctype html> { % load bootstrap_toolkit % } { % load url from future % } <html lang = "en" > <head> <meta charset = "utf-8" > <title>数据库脚本发布系统< / title> <meta name = "description" content = ""> <meta name = "author" content = "朱显杰" > { % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag % } { % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" % } <style type = "text/css" > body { padding - top: 60px ; } < / style> <! - - [ if lt ie 9 ]> <script src = "//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js" >< / script> <![endif] - - > <! - - <script src = "//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.0/jquery.min.js" >< / script> - - > { % bootstrap_javascript_tag % } { % block extra_head % }{ % endblock % } < / head> <body> { % if password_is_wrong % } <div class = "alert alert-error" > <button type = "button" class = "close" data - dismiss = "alert" >×< / button> <h4>错误!< / h4>用户名或密码错误 < / div> { % endif % } <div class = "well" > <h1>数据库脚本发布系统< / h1> <p>?< / p> <form class = "form-horizontal" action = " " method=" post"> { % csrf_token % } {{ form|as_bootstrap: "horizontal" }} <p class = "form-actions" > < input type = "submit" value = "登录" class = "btn btn-primary" > <a href = "/contactme/" >< input type = "button" value = "忘记密码" class = "btn btn-danger" >< / a> <a href = "/contactme/" >< input type = "button" value = "新员工?" class = "btn btn-success" >< / a> < / p> < / form> < / div> < / body> < / html> |
配置accounts的urls.py
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from django.conf.urls import * from accounts.views import login,logout urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r 'login/$' ,login), ) |
4、首页(index.html)
代码如下:
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<!doctype html> { % load bootstrap_toolkit % } <html lang = "en" > { % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag % } { % bootstrap_stylesheet_tag "responsive" % } <h1>登录成功< / h1> <a href = "/accounts/logout/" >< input type = "button" value = "登出" class = "btn btn-success" >< / a> < / html> |
配置登出的url
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from django.conf.urls import * from accounts.views import login,logout urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r 'login/$' ,login), url(r 'logout/$' ,logout), ) |
登录视图如下:调用djagno自带用户认证系统的logout,然后返回登录界面。
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@login_required def logout(request): auth.logout(request) return httpresponseredirect( "/accounts/login/" ) |
上面@login_required标示只有登录用户才能调用该视图,否则自动重定向到登录页面。
三、登录注销演示
1、执行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
在浏览器输入ip+端口访问,出现登录界面
2、当用户名或密码为空时,提示“用户名和密码为必填项”
3、当用户名或密码错误时,提示“用户名或密码错误”
4、输入正确用户名和密码(创建数据库时生成的liuxiaoyan,password),进入主页
5、点击登出,注销登录,返回登录页面。
四、排错
1、'bootstrap_toolkit' is not a valid tag library
因为你的installed_app没有安装'bootstrap_toolkit',安装即可。
资源链接
http://www.zzvips.com/article/148197.html
http://www.zzvips.com/article/148190.html
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/4724381.html