Python基础之tkinter图形化界面学习_Python

一、基础内容

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									import tkinter as tk

									from PIL import Image,ImageTk

									def my():

									        pwin.destroy()

									        win.deiconify()

									win = tk.Tk()

									#win.geometry('320x240+100+50') #长320宽240 右100，下50

									win['width']=320   #可以用win.keys()查看哪些可以这样写

									win['height']=240

									win.title('tkinter图形化专题学习')

									#win.iconbitmap('my.ico')

									img=ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=Image.open('1.gif','r'))

									win.iconphoto(False,img)

									#win.withdraw()#临时退出

									#win.deiconify()#恢复

									#win.iconify()#最小化

									#win.destroy()#关掉

									#help(win.state)

									"""

									win.state('iconic')

									win.state('normal')

									win.state('zommed')

									win.state('zoomed')

									win.state('withdraw')

									"""

									#win.attributes('-alpha',0.5) #设置透明度

									#win.attributes('-toolwindow',1)#没有最大化最小化按钮

									#win.attributes('-toolwindow',0)#常规窗口

									#win.attributes('-topmost',1) #置顶

									win.withdraw()  #隐藏原窗口

									pwin=tk.Toplevel(win)  #新建弹窗

									pwin.title('弹窗')

									pwin.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',my)

									win.mainloop()

二、渐变窗口与计时器

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									#计时器

									import tkinter as tk

									import time

									def my():

									    global x

									    if x >1:

									        return

									    win.title('计时器：{:.2f}'.format(x))

									    win.attributes('-alpha', x)

									    x += 0.01

									    win.after(200,my) #100ms

									win = tk.Tk()

									win.title("计时器")

									win['bg']= 'lightblue'  #用win.keys()查看

									win.geometry('300x300')

									win.resizable(0,0) #不可变窗口大小

									x = 0.01

									win.attributes('-alpha', x)

									win.after(200,my)

									win.mainloop()

三、简单的布局标签文本框按钮

3.1 布局

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									import tkinter as tk

									win=tk.Tk()

									win.title("布局")

									win.geometry('320x240')

									#win.resizable(0,0)

									#定义

									lbl=tk.Label(win,text="请输入")

									txt=tk.Entry(win)

									btn=tk.Button(win,text="确定")

									#布局 方法一pack打包式放置 方法二grid表格式放置 方法三place任意放置

									"""

									lbl.pack(side='left' ,padx=(10,0))

									txt.pack(side='left')   #txt.pack_info()查看pack的参数

									btn.pack(side='left', padx='10')

									"""

									"""

									lbl.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=(50,10),pady=10) #lbl.grid_info()查看grid的参数

									txt.grid(row=0,column=1)

									btn.grid(row=1,column=0,columnspan=2,padx=(50,0),pady=10, sticky='we')

									"""

									lbl.place(relx=0.1,rely=0.2)

									txt.place(relx=0.3,rely=0.15)

									btn.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25)

									#win.mainloop()

3.2 布局

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									import tkinter as tk

									#建窗口

									win=tk.Tk()

									win.title('布局')

									#建组件

									frm=tk.Frame(win) #框架

									#定义

									lbl=tk.Label(frm,text='请输入')

									txt=tk.Entry(frm)

									btn=tk.Button(win,text='确定')

									#布局

									lbl.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)

									txt.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)

									frm.pack()

									btn.pack(fill='x')

									win.mainloop()

四、摄氏度华氏度

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									import tkinter as tk

									def myfun(e):

									#def myfun():

									    try:

									        a=int(entry1.get())

									        b=int(entry2.get())

									        lbx.delete(0,'end')

									        for i in range(a,b+1):

									            f=i*9/5+32

									            lbx.insert('end','    {}           {}'.format(i,f))

									    except:

									        pass

									win=tk.Tk()

									win.title('温度转换')

									win.resizable(0,0) #大小不可更改

									label1 = tk.Label(win, text='请输入第1个整数')

									label2 = tk.Label(win, text='请输入第2个整数')

									label3 = tk.Label(win, text='摄氏温度   华氏温度')

									entry1 = tk.Entry(win)

									entry2 = tk.Entry(win)

									entry1.insert(0, '10')

									entry2.insert(0, '15')

									#btn=tk.Button(win, text='确定',command=myfun)

									btn=tk.Label(win, text='确定',#把label变成按钮

									             relief='groove')  #浮雕

									btn.bind('<Button-1>', myfun) #用bing绑定 必须给函数参数 

									lbx=tk.Listbox(win)

									#滚动条

									scr=tk.Scrollbar(win)

									scr['command']=lbx.yview

									lbx['yscrollcommand']=scr.set

									label1.grid(row=1, column=0)

									label2.grid(row=2, column=0)

									label3.grid(row=0, column=2)

									entry1.grid(row=1, column=1)

									entry2.grid(row=2, column=1)

									btn.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="ew")

									lbx.grid(row=1, column=2, rowspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)

									scr.grid(row=1, column=3, rowspan=3, sticky='ns')

									#btn.key()找到可以设置的参数 或者btn.config()

									win.mainloop()

五、随机弹出数字（随机点名、抽奖）

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									import tkinter as tk

									import random

									def myfun():

									    lst=list(range(100))

									    name=random.choice(lst)

									    lbl['text']=name

									    win.after(500,myfun)

									win=tk.Tk()

									win.title('抽奖程序')

									lbl=tk.Label(win,text='***', width=6,font='-size 48')

									btn=tk.Button(win,text='开始', font='-size 36', command=myfun)

									lbl.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=10,pady=10)

									btn.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=10)

									#win.mainloop()

六、几行几列五子棋画布

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									import tkinter as tk

									win=tk.Tk()

									win.title('五子棋')

									win.geometry('800x600+64+32')

									win.resizable(0,0)

									#建画布

									cav=tk.Canvas(win, width=600,height=600, bg='yellow')

									rfm=tk.Frame(win,width=200,height=600, bg='lightyellow')

									cav.pack(side='left')

									rfm.pack(side='right')

									#画线

									for i in range(1,20):

									    x1, y1, x2, y2=30, i*30,19*30,i*30

									    cav.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2)

									    cav.create_line(y1,x1,y2,x2)