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服务器之家 - 编程语言 - C/C++ - 详细了解C语言二叉树的建立与遍历

详细了解C语言二叉树的建立与遍历

2021-12-08 14:54LuckyLazyPig C/C++

这篇文章主要介绍了C中二叉树的建立和各种遍历实例代码,涉及树节点的定义,后序遍历,层序遍历,深度优先和广度优先等相关内容,具有一定借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

这里给一个样例树:

详细了解C语言二叉树的建立与遍历

代码:

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
/*    二叉树的二叉链表结点结构定义     */
typedef struct BiTNode
{
    char data;
    struct BiTNode *lchild,*rchild;
}BiTNode,*BiTree;
BiTree T=NULL;
/*    先序遍历建立一个二叉树    */
void Create (BiTree *T)       //    二级指针改变地址的地址
{
    char ch;
    scanf("%c",&ch);
    if(ch=='#')
        *T=NULL;
    else
    {
        *T=(BiTree)malloc(sizeof(BiTNode));
        if(!*T)
            return ;
        else
        {
            (*T)->data=ch;
            Create(&(*T)->lchild);
            Create(&(*T)->rchild);
        }
    }
}
/*    二叉树的前序递归遍历算法    */
void PreOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    if(T==NULL)
        return ;
    printf("%c ",T->data);
    PreOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
    PreOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
}
/*    二叉树的中序递归遍历算法    */
void InOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    if(T==NULL)
        return ;
    InOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
    printf("%c ",T->data);
    InOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
}
/*    二叉树的后序递归遍历算法    */
void PostOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    if(T==NULL)
        return ;
    PostOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
    PostOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
    printf("%c ",T->data);
}
int main()
{
    printf("请按先序遍历的结果输入树,例如:ABDH#K###E##CFI###G#J##\n");
    Create(&T);
    printf("先序遍历的结果为:\n");
    PreOrderTraverse(T);
    printf("\n");
    printf("中序遍历的结果为:\n");
    InOrderTraverse(T);
    printf("\n");
    printf("后序遍历的结果为:\n");
    PostOrderTraverse(T);
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}

输出结果如下

详细了解C语言二叉树的建立与遍历

PS:下面是一个用C++里面的取引用代替了二级指针

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#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/*    二叉树的二叉链表结点结构定义     */
typedef struct BiTNode
{
    char data;
    struct BiTNode *lchild,*rchild;
}BiTNode,*BiTree;
BiTree T=NULL;
/*    先序遍历建立一个二叉树    */
void Create (BiTree &T)        //    C++取引用
{
    char ch;
    scanf("%c",&ch);
    if(ch=='#')
        T=NULL;
    else
    {
        T=(BiTree)malloc(sizeof(BiTNode));
        if(!T)
            return ;
        else
        {
            T->data=ch;
            Create(T->lchild);
            Create(T->rchild);
        }
    }
}
/*    二叉树的前序递归遍历算法    */
void PreOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    if(T==NULL)
        return ;
    printf("%c ",T->data);
    PreOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
    PreOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
}
/*    二叉树的中序递归遍历算法    */
void InOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    if(T==NULL)
        return ;
    InOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
    printf("%c ",T->data);
    InOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
}
/*    二叉树的后序递归遍历算法    */
void PostOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    if(T==NULL)
        return ;
    PostOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
    PostOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
    printf("%c ",T->data);
}
int main()
{
    printf("请按先序遍历的结果输入树,例如:ABDH#K###E##CFI###G#J##\n");
    Create(T);
    printf("先序遍历的结果为:\n");
    PreOrderTraverse(T);
    printf("\n");
    printf("中序遍历的结果为:\n");
    InOrderTraverse(T);
    printf("\n");
    printf("后序遍历的结果为:\n");
    PostOrderTraverse(T);
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}

PS:遍历的PLus版,想要的自取。

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#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
const int cmax=1e2+5;
typedef struct BiTNode
{
    char data;
    struct BiTNode *lchild ,*rchild;
}BiTNode,*BiTree;
void CreateBiTree (BiTree &T)
{
    char ch;
    scanf("%c",&ch);
    if(ch=='#')
    T=NULL;
    else
    {
        T=(BiTNode *)malloc(sizeof(BiTNode));
        T->data=ch;
        CreateBiTree(T->lchild);
        CreateBiTree(T->rchild);
    }
    return ;
}
void PreOrder(BiTree T)
{
    if(T)
    {
        printf("%c",T->data);
        PreOrder(T->lchild);
        PreOrder(T->rchild);
    }
}
void InOrder(BiTree T)
{
    if(T)
    {
        InOrder(T->lchild);
        printf("%c",T->data);
        InOrder(T->rchild);
    }
}
void PostOrder(BiTree T)
{
    if(T)
    {
        PostOrder(T->lchild);
        PostOrder(T->rchild);
        printf("%c",T->data);
    }
}
//   非递归中序遍历
void InOrderTraverse(BiTree T)
{
    stack<BiTree> S;
    BiTree p;
    S.push(T);
    while(!S.empty())
    {
        p=new BiTNode;
        while((p=S.top())&&p)
            S.push(p->lchild);
        S.pop();
        if(!S.empty())
        {
            p=S.top();
            S.pop();
            cout<<p->data<<"  ";
            S.push(p->rchild);
         }
     }
}
//    先序非递归遍历
void PreOrder_Nonrecursive(BiTree T)
{
    stack<BiTree> S;
    BiTree p;
    S.push(T);
    while(!S.empty())
    {
        while((p=S.top())&&p)
        {
            cout<<p->data<<"  ";
            S.push(p->lchild);
         }
        S.pop();
        if(!S.empty())
        {
            p=S.top();
            S.pop();
            S.push(p->rchild);
         }
    }
 }
 int visit(BiTree T)
 {
    if(T)
    {
        printf("%c ",T->data);
        return 1;
     }
    else
    return 0;
 }
 //    非递归层次遍历
 void  LeverTraverse(BiTree T)
 {
    queue <BiTree> Q;
    BiTree p;
    p=T;
    if(visit(p)==1)
        Q.push(p);
    while(!Q.empty())
    {
        p=Q.front();
        Q.pop();
        if(visit(p->lchild)==1)
            Q.push(p->lchild);
        if(visit(p->rchild)==1)
            Q.push(p->rchild);
     }
 }
//主函数
int main()
{
    BiTree T;
    char j;
    int flag=1;
    printf("本程序实现二叉树的操作。\n");
    printf("叶子结点以#表示。\n");
    printf("可以进行建立二叉树,递归先序、中序、后序遍历,非递归先序、中序遍历及非递归层序遍历等操作。\n");
    printf("请建立二叉树。\n");
    printf("建树将以三个空格后回车结束。\n");
    printf("例如:1 2 3 4 5 6       (回车)\n\n");
    CreateBiTree(T);           //初始化队列
    getchar();
    printf("\n");
    printf("请选择: \n");
    printf("1.递归先序遍历\n");
    printf("2.递归中序遍历\n");
    printf("3.递归后序遍历\n");
    printf("4.非递归中序遍历\n");
    printf("5.非递归先序遍历\n");
    printf("6.非递归层序遍历\n");
    printf("0.退出程序\n");
    while(flag)
    {
        scanf(" %c",&j);
        switch(j)
        {
            case '1':if(T)
            {
                printf("递归先序遍历二叉树:");
                PreOrder(T);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else printf("二叉树为空!\n");
            break;
            case '2':if(T)
            {
                printf("递归中序遍历二叉树:");
                InOrder(T);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else printf("二叉树为空!\n");
            break;
            case '3':if(T)
            {
                printf("递归后序遍历二叉树:");
                PostOrder(T);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else printf("二叉树为空!\n");
            break;
            case '4':if(T)
            {
                printf("非递归中序遍历二叉树:");
                InOrderTraverse(T);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else printf("二叉树为空!\n");
            break;
            case '5':if(T)
            {
                printf("非递归先序遍历二叉树:");
                PreOrder_Nonrecursive(T);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else printf("二叉树为空!\n");
            break;
            case '6':if(T)
            {
                printf("非递归层序遍历二叉树:");
                LeverTraverse(T);
                printf("\n");
            }
            else printf("二叉树为空!\n");
            break;
            default:flag=0;printf("程序运行结束,按任意键退出!\n");
        }
    }
}

详细了解C语言二叉树的建立与遍历

总结

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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45882303/article/details/107941789

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