手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计时界面_Python

手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计时界面

大家好，我是吴老板。

前言

前段时间在微博看到一段摸鱼人的倒计时模板，感觉还挺有趣的。

手把手教你使用Python打造一款摸鱼倒计时界面

于是我用了一小时的时间写了个页面出来摸鱼办地址 (当然是摸鱼的时间啦)。

模板是这样的:

摸鱼办公室

【摸鱼办公室】今天是 2021-11-30 星期二

你好，摸鱼人，工作再累，一定不要忘记摸鱼哦 ! 有事没事起身去茶水间去廊道去天台走走，别老在工位上坐着。多喝点水，钱是老板的，但命是自己的 !

距离周末放假还有 2 天

距离元旦放假还有 3 天

距离过年放假还有 34 天

距离清明节放假还有 97 天

距离劳动节放假还有 123 天

距离端午节放假还有 156 天

距离中秋节放假还有 255 天

距离国庆节放假还有 276 天

由于前端是单页面服务，直接撸一个原始的 html 网页就行。
FastAPI 对于异步请求是一把好手、更轻、性能更佳。
挂上一层 Nginx 让它看起来像那么回事儿。

实现过程

首先要知道、除了静态文字之外的比如当前日期、距离节日放假的天数等都是动态返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板进行动态绑定。
我应该把重点放在时间的处理上。
而且在这个模板中，有阳历的节日，也是阴历的节日，我需要转换。

初始化一个 FastAPI 对象并声明静态页面的模板目录 (Jinja2Templates)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
app = FastAPI(
debug=False,
title="My API",
docs_url="/docs",
openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
)
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 这个库、主要用于阴历和阳历之间的相互转换。用法如下

today = datetime.date.today()
print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year}-04-05")
print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year}-05-01")
print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year}-10-01")

我们可以梳理一下:

计算距离大年、元旦的天数时，要在年份上 +1
计算距离其他节日的天数时，要判断天数差是否小于 0，如果是，则年份需要 +1，因为已经过去的节日对此没有意义

distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

怎么样? 我的命名足够疯狂吧。

接下来需要计算一下距离周末的天数。

def get_week_day(date):
week_day_dict = {
0: '星期一',
1: '星期二',
2: '星期三',
3: '星期四',
4: '星期五',
5: '星期六',
6: '星期天',
}
day = date.weekday()
return week_day_dict[day]
week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先获取今天是星期几

按照每周 5 个工作日计算，今天距离周末的天数就是

5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距离周末

现在将所有的数据组装起来

time_ = [
{"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距离元旦
{"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"}, # 距离过年
{"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"}, # 距离清明
{"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"}, # 距离劳动
{"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"}, # 距离端午
{"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"}, # 距离中秋
{"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"}, # 距离国庆
]

至于为什么是 List 而不是 Dict，那是我需要做一个根据距离天数的排序，让最先放假的节日放于最前面，这样看起来会舒服得多。

time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)

接下来要写一个路由，将数据传入到 html 页面中去。

@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def readme(request: Request):
return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
{"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})

来看一下完整的代码 (main.py):

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import datetime
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse
from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates
from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date
app = FastAPI(
debug=False,
title="My API",
docs_url=f"/docs",
openapi_url=f"/openapi.json"
)
templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")
today = datetime.date.today()
# print(today.year, today.month, today.day)
# print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date())
# print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date())
# print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date())
# print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01")
# print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05")
# print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01")
# print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01")
distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (
lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days
distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (
datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days
def get_week_day(date):
week_day_dict = {
0: '星期一',
1: '星期二',
2: '星期三',
3: '星期四',
4: '星期五',
5: '星期六',
6: '星期天',
}
day = date.weekday()
return week_day_dict[day]
# print("距离大年: ", distance_big_year)
# print("距离端午: ", distance_5_5)
# print("距离中秋: ", distance_8_15)
# print("距离元旦: ", distance_year)
# print("距离清明: ", distance_4_5)
# print("距离劳动: ", distance_5_1)
# print("距离国庆: ", distance_10_1)
# print("距离周末: ", 5 - today.weekday())
now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日"
week_day_ = get_week_day(today)
time_ = [
{"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"}, # 距离周末
{"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"}, # 距离元旦
{"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"}, # 距离过年
{"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"}, # 距离清明
{"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"}, # 距离劳动
{"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"}, # 距离端午
{"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"}, # 距离中秋
{"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"}, # 距离国庆
]
time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)
@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
async def readme(request: Request):
return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",
{"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)