简单用py写了一个贪吃蛇游戏，有单人、双人模式，比较简单，适合初学者练手。本上每行重要的语句都有注释，做了什么事一目了然
这里介绍双人模式
单人模式戳这里：Python简易贪吃蛇小游戏（单人模式）
一、游戏设计要点
1.游戏主体窗口（尺寸）、画布（尺寸、位置）、按钮（尺寸、位置）、文字（大小、颜色、位置）、图像、背景音乐及相关响应函数（主要是鼠标移动及点击的响应）的设计与合理排布
2.蛇与食物的类的属性设计
3.蛇位置的更新（根据键盘输入）、吃到食物加分的判定、食物的更新
4.蛇死亡的判定条件设计
二、主要模块
1.pygame
2.sys
3.random
三、用到的类
1.Snake类，定义蛇头蛇身元素的位置
2.Food类，定义食物元素的位置及单个元素的颜色
四、主要函数
1.new_food()，功能：生成一个不与蛇头位置重合的食物并返回该食物对象
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def new_food(head): while True: # 循环，不断实例化new_food对象直到生成一个不与蛇头重合的食物 new_food = Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255))) # 若new_food和蛇头重合则不创键 if new_food.x != head.x and new_food.y != head.y: break else: continue return new_food |
2.draw_snake()、draw_food()函数，功能：绘制蛇与食物的图像，传入参数为颜色和对象：
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# 在窗体中绘制贪吃蛇# 形参：一个是颜色另一个是实例化对象def draw_snake(color, object): pygame.draw.circle(window, color, (object.x, object.y), 10) # 在窗体中绘制食物# 形参：实例化对象def draw_food(food): pygame.draw.circle(window, food.color, (food.x, food.y), 10) |
3.show_end函数，功能：显示双人模式结束时的得分界面：
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def show_end(): while True: window.blit(init_background, (0, 0)) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: exit_end() # 定义标题 pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇大冒险") # 定义提示文字 font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 40) fontsurf = font.render('游戏结束! 玩家1得分: %s 玩家2得分：%s' % (score1, score2), True, black) window.blit(fontsurf, (150, 100)) button("返回主菜单", 370, 300, 200, 40, blue, brightred, into_game) button("退出游戏", 370, 470, 200, 40, red, brightred, exit_end) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(20) |
4.exit_end()函数，功能：在初始界面和游戏结束显示得分界面点击右上角的"×"时，直接退出整个游戏：
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# 初始界面和游戏中途点击退出游戏时def exit_end(): pygame.quit() sys.exit() |
5.start_game_double()函数，功能：实现双人正常模式：
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def start_game_double(): # 播放音乐 pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) # 定义存分数的全局变量 global score1 global score2 score1 = score2 = 0 # 初始化存放玩家键盘输入运动方向的变量 run_direction1 = "right" run_direction2 = "up" # 初始化贪吃蛇运动方向的变量 run1 = run_direction1 run2 = run_direction2 # 实例化贪吃蛇和食物对象 head1 = Snake(randint(0, 30) * 20, randint(0, 20) * 20) head2 = Snake(randint(0, 30) * 20, randint(0, 20) * 20) # 实例化蛇身长度为2个单位 snake_body1 = [Snake(head1.x, head1.y + 20), Snake(head1.x, head1.y + 40)] snake_body2 = [Snake(head2.x, head2.y + 20), Snake(head2.x, head2.y + 40)] # 实例化食物列表，列表随着其中食物被吃掉应该不断缩短 food_list = [Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))] for i in range(1,24): food_list.append(Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))) # 实例化单个食物，方便循环内生成单个新食物 food = Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255))) while True: window.blit(background, (0,0)) # 监听玩家键盘输入的运动方向值，并根据输入转为up、down、right或left，方便程序中调用 # pygame.event.get()返回一个列表，存放本次game执行中程序遇到的一连串事件（按时间顺序依次存放） for event in pygame.event.get(): # pygame.QUIT事件是指用户点击窗口右上角的"×" if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # 显示结果界面 show_end() # 若事件类型是按下键盘，分↑ ↓ ← →四种情况讨论 elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: # 若事件类型是按下键盘↑ # key是键值，表示按下去的键值是什么 if event.key == pygame.K_UP: run_direction2 = "up" # 若事件类型是按下键盘↓ if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: run_direction2 = "down" # 若事件类型是按下键盘← if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: run_direction2 = "left" # 若事件类型是按下键盘→ if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: run_direction2 = "right" # 若事件类型是按下键盘↑ if event.key == ord('w'): run_direction1 = "up" # 若事件类型是按下键盘↓ if event.key == ord('s'): run_direction1 = "down" # 若事件类型是按下键盘← if event.key == ord('a'): run_direction1 = "left" # 若事件类型是按下键盘→ if event.key == ord('d'): run_direction1 = "right" # 绘制初始化的25个食物图像(24+1=25) # 随着该列表中的食物被吃掉，列表应该不断pop以清除已经被吃的事物 for item in food_list: draw_food(item) # 绘制被贪吃蛇吃掉后新增的食物图像 draw_food(food) # 绘制蛇头图像 # 在绘制蛇头之前先检查是不是已经死亡，如果已死亡，则不绘制 # ！！不能通过die_flag判断是否死亡因为每次循环一开头die_flag都初始化为False # 因此最好的方法是通过snake_body是否为空判断 if len(snake_body1) != 0: draw_snake(black, head1) if len(snake_body2) != 0: draw_snake(black, head2) # 绘制蛇身图像 for item in snake_body1: draw_snake(blue, item) for item in snake_body2: draw_snake(green, item) # 若蛇未死亡，则插入蛇头位置到蛇身列表中 # 即：若蛇已死亡，则保持snake_body为空不变 if len(snake_body1) != 0: snake_body1.insert(0, Snake(head1.x, head1.y)) if len(snake_body2) != 0: snake_body2.insert(0, Snake(head2.x, head2.y)) # 判断贪吃蛇原运动方向(run)与玩家键盘输入的运动方向(run_direction)是否违反正常运动情况 if run1 == "up" and not run_direction1 == "down": run1 = run_direction1 if run1 == "down" and not run_direction1 == "up": run1 = run_direction1 if run1 == "left" and not run_direction1 == "right": run1 = run_direction1 if run1 == "right" and not run_direction1 == "left": run1 = run_direction1 if run2 == "up" and not run_direction2 == "down": run2 = run_direction2 if run2 == "down" and not run_direction2 == "up": run2 = run_direction2 if run2 == "left" and not run_direction2 == "right": run2 = run_direction2 if run2 == "right" and not run_direction2 == "left": run2 = run_direction2 # 根据玩家键入方向进行蛇头坐标的更新 if run1 == "up": head1.y -= 20 if run1 == "down": head1.y += 20 if run1 == "left": head1.x -= 20 if run1 == "right": head1.x += 20 if run2 == "up": head2.y -= 20 if run2 == "down": head2.y += 20 if run2 == "left": head2.x -= 20 if run2 == "right": head2.x += 20 # 判断两条蛇是否死亡 # 初始化四个死亡标志为False die_flag1 = die_flag2 = False # 此时snake_body1,2中均已包含蛇头 # snake_body1,2第一个元素是蛇头，故不能从0号元素开始比较 # 因为该蛇蛇头必然和自己重合 # 这里snake_body1,2均从1号元素开始 # 所以snake_body1[1:]+snake_body2[1:]是纯粹存储蛇身的列表 for body in snake_body1[1:]+snake_body2[1:]: if head1.x == body.x and head1.y == body.y: die_flag1 = True if head2.x == body.x and head2.y == body.y: die_flag2 = True if die_flag1 == True or head1.x < 0 or head1.x > 960 or head1.y < 0 or head1.y > 600: # 注意：这边虽然蛇身列表清空，但head1对象仍存在 # 故必须要在上面的绘制蛇头代码前面加上if先判断蛇是否死亡 snake_body1.clear() if die_flag2 == True or head2.x < 0 or head2.x > 960 or head2.y < 0 or head2.y > 600: die_flag2 = True # 注意：这边虽然蛇身列表清空，但head1对象仍存在 # 故必须要在上面的绘制蛇头代码前面加上if先判断蛇是否死亡 snake_body2.clear() # 若两条蛇都死亡 # 同样地，只能通过snake_body是否为空判断蛇是否死亡 if len(snake_body1) == 0 and len(snake_body2) == 0: show_end() # 判断蛇头和食物坐标，若相等，则加分，并生成新的食物 # 定义标志，表明是否找到和蛇头相等的食物 global flag1 global flag2 flag1 = flag2 = 0 # 如果蛇头和食物重合 for item in food_list: # 在蛇1没死且蛇头1和某一食物坐标相等的条件下 if len(snake_body1) != 0 and (head1.x == item.x and head1.y == item.y or head1.x == food.x and head1.y == food.y): flag1 = 1 score1 += 1 # 弹出被吃掉的这个食物 food_list.pop(food_list.index(item)) # 再产生一个食物 food = new_food(head1) # 把新食物插入food_list，下一次循环中会更新绘制食物全体 food_list.append(food) break # 在蛇2没死的且蛇头2和某一食物坐标相等的条件下 elif len(snake_body2) != 0 and head2.x == item.x and head2.y == item.y or head2.x == food.x and head2.y == food.y: flag2 = 1 score2 += 1 # 弹出被吃掉的这个食物 food_list.pop(food_list.index(item)) # 再产生一个食物 food = new_food(head2) # 把新食物插入food_list，下一次循环中会更新绘制食物全体 food_list.append(food) break # 蛇1必须没死，否则pop会引发异常 if len(snake_body1) != 0 and flag1 == 0: snake_body1.pop() # 蛇2必须没死，否则pop会引发异常 if len(snake_body2) != 0 and flag2 == 0: snake_body2.pop () font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 25) mode_title1 = mode_title2 = font.render('正常模式', False, grey) socre_title1 = font.render('得分: %s' % score1, False, grey) socre_title2 = font.render('得分: %s' % score2, False, grey) window.blit(mode_title1, (50, 30)) window.blit(socre_title1, (50, 65)) window.blit(mode_title2, (800, 30)) window.blit(socre_title2, (800, 65)) # 更新蛇头蛇身和食物的数据 pygame.display.update() # 通过帧率设置贪吃蛇速度 clock.tick(8) |
6.start_kgame_double()函数，功能：实现双人穿墙模式：
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def start_kgame_double(): # 播放音乐 pygame.mixer.music.play(-1) # 定义存分数的全局变量 global score1 global score2 score1 = score2 = 0 # 初始化存放玩家键盘输入运动方向的变量 run_direction1 = "right" run_direction2 = "up" # 初始化贪吃蛇运动方向的变量 run1 = run_direction1 run2 = run_direction2 # 实例化贪吃蛇和食物对象 head1 = Snake(randint(0, 30) * 20, randint(0, 20) * 20) head2 = Snake(randint(0, 30) * 20, randint(0, 20) * 20) # 实例化蛇身长度为2个单位 snake_body1 = [Snake(head1.x, head1.y + 20), Snake(head1.x, head1.y + 40)] snake_body2 = [Snake(head2.x, head2.y + 20), Snake(head2.x, head2.y + 40)] # 实例化食物列表，列表随着其中食物被吃掉应该不断缩短 food_list = [Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))] for i in range(1,24): food_list.append(Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255)))) # 实例化单个食物，方便循环内生成单个新食物 food = Food(randint(0, 45) * 20, randint(0, 28) * 20, (randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255), randint(10, 255))) while True: window.blit(background, (0,0)) # 监听玩家键盘输入的运动方向值，并根据输入转为up、down、right或left，方便程序中调用 # pygame.event.get()返回一个列表，存放本次game执行中程序遇到的一连串事件（按时间顺序依次存放） for event in pygame.event.get(): # pygame.QUIT事件是指用户点击窗口右上角的"×" if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # 显示结果界面 show_end() # 若事件类型是按下键盘，分↑ ↓ ← →四种情况讨论 elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: # 若事件类型是按下键盘↑ # key是键值，表示按下去的键值是什么 if event.key == pygame.K_UP: run_direction2 = "up" # 若事件类型是按下键盘↓ if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN: run_direction2 = "down" # 若事件类型是按下键盘← if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: run_direction2 = "left" # 若事件类型是按下键盘→ if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: run_direction2 = "right" # 若事件类型是按下键盘↑ if event.key == ord('w'): run_direction1 = "up" # 若事件类型是按下键盘↓ if event.key == ord('s'): run_direction1 = "down" # 若事件类型是按下键盘← if event.key == ord('a'): run_direction1 = "left" # 若事件类型是按下键盘→ if event.key == ord('d'): run_direction1 = "right" # 绘制初始化的25个食物图像(24+1=25) # 随着该列表中的食物被吃掉，列表应该不断pop以清除已经被吃的事物 for item in food_list: draw_food(item) # 绘制被贪吃蛇吃掉后新增的食物图像 draw_food(food) # 绘制蛇头图像 # 在绘制蛇头之前先检查是不是已经死亡，如果已死亡，则不绘制 if len(snake_body1) != 0: draw_snake(black, head1) if len(snake_body2) != 0: draw_snake(black, head2) # 绘制蛇身图像 for item in snake_body1: draw_snake(blue, item) for item in snake_body2: draw_snake(green, item) # 插入蛇头位置到蛇身列表中 if len(snake_body1) != 0: snake_body1.insert(0, Snake(head1.x, head1.y)) if len(snake_body2) != 0: snake_body2.insert(0, Snake(head2.x, head2.y)) # 判断贪吃蛇原运动方向(run)与玩家键盘输入的运动方向(run_direction)是否违反正常运动情况 if run1 == "up" and not run_direction1 == "down": run1 = run_direction1 if run1 == "down" and not run_direction1 == "up": run1 = run_direction1 if run1 == "left" and not run_direction1 == "right": run1 = run_direction1 if run1 == "right" and not run_direction1 == "left": run1 = run_direction1 if run2 == "up" and not run_direction2 == "down": run2 = run_direction2 if run2 == "down" and not run_direction2 == "up": run2 = run_direction2 if run2 == "left" and not run_direction2 == "right": run2 = run_direction2 if run2 == "right" and not run_direction2 == "left": run2 = run_direction2 # 根据玩家键入方向进行蛇头坐标的更新 if run1 == "up": head1.y -= 20 if run1 == "down": head1.y += 20 if run1 == "left": head1.x -= 20 if run1 == "right": head1.x += 20 if run2 == "up": head2.y -= 20 if run2 == "down": head2.y += 20 if run2 == "left": head2.x -= 20 if run2 == "right": head2.x += 20 # 实现穿墙 # 蛇头穿出窗体共有8种情况 if head1.x < 0: head1.x = 960 if head1.x > 960: head1.x = 0 if head1.y < 0: head1.y = 600 if head1.y > 600: head1.y = 0 if head2.x < 0: head2.x = 960 if head2.x > 960: head2.x = 0 if head2.y < 0: head2.y = 600 if head2.y > 600: head2.y = 0 # 定义死亡标志位 die_flag1 = die_flag2 = False for body in snake_body1[1:]+snake_body2[1:]: if head1.x == body.x and head1.y == body.y: die_flag1 = True if head2.x == body.x and head2.y == body.y: die_flag2 = True if die_flag1 == True: snake_body1.clear() if die_flag2 == True: snake_body2.clear() # 若两条蛇都死亡 if len(snake_body1) == 0 and len(snake_body2) == 0: show_end() # 判断蛇头和食物坐标，若相等，则加分，并生成新的食物 # 定义标志，表明是否找到和蛇头相等的食物 global flag1 global flag2 flag1 = flag2 = 0 # 如果蛇头和食物重合 for item in food_list: # 在蛇1没死且蛇头1和某一食物坐标相等的条件下 if len(snake_body1) != 0 and (head1.x == item.x and head1.y == item.y or head1.x == food.x and head1.y == food.y): flag1 = 1 score1 += 1 # 弹出被吃掉的这个食物 food_list.pop(food_list.index(item)) # 再产生一个食物 food = new_food(head1) # 把新食物插入food_list，下一次循环中会更新绘制食物全体 food_list.append(food) break # 在蛇2没死的且蛇头2和某一食物坐标相等的条件下 elif len(snake_body2) != 0 and head2.x == item.x and head2.y == item.y or head2.x == food.x and head2.y == food.y: flag2 = 1 score2 += 1 # 弹出被吃掉的这个食物 food_list.pop(food_list.index(item)) # 再产生一个食物 food = new_food(head2) # 把新食物插入food_list，下一次循环中会更新绘制食物全体 food_list.append(food) break # 蛇1必须没死，否则pop会引发异常 if len(snake_body1) != 0 and flag1 == 0: snake_body1.pop() # 蛇2必须没死，否则pop会引发异常 if len(snake_body2) != 0 and flag2 == 0: snake_body2.pop () font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 25) mode_title1 = mode_title2 = font.render('穿墙模式', False, grey) socre_title1 = font.render('得分: %s' % score1, False, grey) socre_title2 = font.render('得分: %s' % score2, False, grey) window.blit(mode_title1, (50, 30)) window.blit(socre_title1, (50, 65)) window.blit(mode_title2, (800, 30)) window.blit(socre_title2, (800, 65)) # 更新蛇头蛇身和食物的数据 pygame.display.update() # 通过帧率设置贪吃蛇速度 clock.tick(8) |
7.button()函数，功能：实现按钮样式设计和响应鼠标操作：
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def button(msg, x, y, w, h, ic, ac, action=None): # 获取鼠标位置 mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() # 获取鼠标点击情况 click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed() if x + w > mouse[0] > x and y + h > mouse[1] > y: pygame.draw.rect(window, ac, (x, y, w, h)) if click[0] == 1 and action != None: action() else: pygame.draw.rect(window, ic, (x, y, w, h)) # 设置按钮中的文字样式和居中对齐 font = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 20) smallfont = font.render(msg, True, white) smallrect = smallfont.get_rect() smallrect.center = ((x + (w / 2)), (y + (h / 2))) window.blit(smallfont, smallrect) |
8.into_game()函数，功能：实现游戏初始界面，选择模式：
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def into_game(): while True: window.blit(init_background, (0, 0)) for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: exit_end() # 设置字体 font = pygame.font.SysFont("simHei", 50) # 初始界面显示文字 fontsurf = font.render('欢迎来到贪吃蛇大冒险!', True, black) # 文字 fontrect = fontsurf.get_rect() fontrect.center = ((480), 200) window.blit(fontsurf, fontrect) button("正常模式", 370, 370, 200, 40, blue, brightred, start_game_double) button("可穿墙模式", 370, 420, 200, 40, violte, brightred, start_kgame_double) button("退出游戏", 370, 470, 200, 40, red, brightred, exit_end) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(20) |
9.主函数，功能：初始化参数设定，进入游戏：
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if __name__ == '__main__': # 定义需要用到的颜色 white = (255, 255, 255) red = (200, 0, 0) green = (0, 128, 0) blue = (0, 202, 254) violte = (194, 8, 234) brightred = (255, 0, 0) brightgreen = (0, 255, 0) black = (0, 0, 0) grey = (129, 131, 129) # 设计窗口 window = pygame.display.set_mode((960, 600)) # 定义标题 pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇大冒险") # 定义背景图片 init_background = pygame.image.load("image/init_bgimg.jpg") background = pygame.image.load("image/bgimg.jpg") # 背景音乐 pygame.mixer.init() pygame.mixer.music.load("background.mp3") # 创建时钟 clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 初始化，自检所有模块是否完整 pygame.init() # 初始界面 into_game() |
注：其中的图片、背景音乐需要自己找合适（尺寸要与窗口大小相适应）的，也可以参考我上传的资源贪吃蛇双人版源码+图片+音乐。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45717425/article/details/119791352
