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Python pymysql操作MySQL详细

2022-01-11 00:46tigeriaf Python

pymysql是Python3.x中操作MySQL数据库的模块,其兼容于MySQLdb,使用方法也与MySQLdb几乎相同,但是性能不如MySQLdb,但是由于其安装使用方便、对中文兼容性也更好等优点,被广泛使用。可以使用pip install pymysql进行安装。

1、使用

1.1 简单使用

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import pymysql
 
# 创建连接
con = pymysql.connect(
                        host='localhost',
                        port=3306,
                        user='root',
                        password='123456',
                        database='test',
                        charset='utf8'
)
# 创建游标
cursor = con.cursor()
 
# 执行新增SQL,返回受影响行数
row1 = cursor.execute("insert into user (username, password) values ('username3','password3')")
print(row1)
 
# 执行更新SQL,返回受影响行数
row2 = cursor.execute("update user set password = '123456' where id > 2;")
# 执行查询SQL
res = cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM user;")
result = cursor.fetchall()
for info in result:
    print(info[0], info[1])
# 提交,不然无法保存新增或者更新的数据
con.commit()
# 关闭游标
cursor.close()
# 关闭连接
con.close()

注意:数据库表中存在中文时,创建连接需要指定charset='utf8',否则中文显示会乱码。 其中cursor.fetchall()是获取所有结果集,如果只有一条结果集,可以使用cursor.fetchone()

1.2 封装工具类

为了使用方便,可以直接封装成工具类:

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import pymysql
 
 
class MysqlHelper:
    def __init__(self, config):
        self.host = config["host"]
        self.port = config["port"]
        self.user = config["user"]
        self.password = config["password"]
        self.db = config["db"]
        self.charset = config["charset"]
        self.con = None
        self.cursor = None
 
    def create_con(self):
        """
        创建连接
        """
        try:
            self.con = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, port=self.port, user=self.user, password=self.password,
                                       database=self.db, charset='utf8')
            self.cursor = self.con.cursor()
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return False
 
    #
    def close_con(self):
        """
        关闭链接
        """
        if self.cursor:
            self.cursor.close()
        if self.con:
            self.con.close()
 
    # sql执行
    def execute_sql(self, sql):
        """
        执行插入/更新/删除语句
        """
        try:
            self.create_con()
            print(sql)
            self.cursor.execute(sql)
            self.con.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        finally:
            self.close_con()
 
    def select(self, sql, *args):
        """
        执行查询语句
        """
        try:
            self.create_con()
            print(sql)
            self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
            res = self.cursor.fetchall()
            return res
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            return False
        finally:
            self.close_con()

使用工具类:

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config = {
    "host": 'localhost',
    "port": 3306,
    "user": 'root',
    "password": '123456',
    "db": 'test',
    "charset": 'utf8'
}
db = MysqlHelper(config)
db.execute_sql("insert into user (username, password) values ('username4','password4')")
db.select("SELECT * FROM user;")

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原文链接:https://juejin.cn/post/7003200519103578126

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