PHPUnit + Laravel单元测试常用技能_PHP教程

1. 数据供给器

用来提供参数和结果，使用 @dataProvider 标注来指定使用哪个数据供给器方法。例如检测app升级数据是否符合预期，addProviderAppUpdateData()提供测试的参数和结果。testAppUpdateData()检测appUpdateData()返回的结果是否和给定的预期结果相等，即如果$appId='apple_3.3.2_117', $result=['status' => 0, 'isIOS' => false], 则$data中如果含有['status' => 0, 'isIOS' => false], 则断言成功。建议在数据提供器，逐个用字符串键名对其命名，这样在断言失败的时候将输出失败的名称，更容易定位问题。

示例代码：

<?php
namespace Tests\Unit;
use App\Services\ClientService;
use Tests\TestCase;
class ClientServiceTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* @dataProvider addProviderAppUpdateData
*
* @param $appId
* @param $result
*/
public function testAppUpdateData($appId, $result)
{
$data = (new ClientService($appId))->appUpdateData();
$this->assertTrue(count(array_intersect_assoc($data, $result)) == count($result));
}
public function addProviderAppUpdateData()
{
return [
'null' => [null, ['status' => 0, 'isIOS' => false, 'latest_version' => 'V']],
'error app id' => ['sdas123123', ['status' => 0, 'isIOS' => false, 'latest_version' => 'V']],
'android force update' => ['bx7_3.3.5_120', ['status' => 0, 'isIOS' => false]],
'ios force update' => ['apple_3.3.2_117', ['status' => 1, 'isIOS' => true]],
'android soft update' => ['sanxing_3.3.2_117', ['status' => 2, 'isIOS' => false]],
'ios soft update' => ['apple_3.3.3_118', ['status' => 2, 'isIOS' => true]],
'android normal' => ['fhqd_3.3.6_121', ['status' => 1, 'isIOS' => false]],
'ios normal' => ['apple_3.3.5_120', ['status' => 1, 'isIOS' => true]],
'h5' => ['h5_3.3.3', ['status' => 1, 'isIOS' => false]]
];
}
}

断言成功结果：

PHPUnit + Laravel单元测试常用技能

2. 断言方法

常用有assertTrue(), assertFalse(), assertNull(), assertEquals(), assertThat()。

assertThat()自定义断言。常用的约束有isNull()、isTrue()、isFalse()、isInstanceOf()；常用的组合约束logicalOr()、logicalAnd()。例如检测返回的结果是否是null或ApiApp类。

示例代码：

<?php
namespace Tests\Unit;
use App\Models\ApiApp;
use App\Services\SystemConfigService;
use Tests\TestCase;
class SystemConfigServiceTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* @dataProvider additionProviderGetLatestUpdateAppApi
*
* @param $appType
*/
public function testGetLatestUpdateAppApi($appType)
{
$result = SystemConfigService::getLatestUpdateAppApi($appType);
$this->assertThat($result, $this->logicalOr($this->isNull(), $this->isInstanceOf(ApiApp::class)));
}
public function additionProviderGetLatestUpdateAppApi()
{
return [
'apple' => [1],
'android' => [2],
'null' => [9999]
];
}
}

断言成功结果：

PHPUnit + Laravel单元测试常用技能

3. 对异常进行测试

使用expectExceptionCode()对错误码进行检测，不建议对错误信息文案进行检测。例如检测设备被锁后是否抛出3026错误码。

示例代码：

<?php
namespace Tests\Unit;
use App\Services\UserSecurityService;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Tests\TestCase;
class UserSecurityServiceTest extends TestCase
{
public static $userId = 4;
/**
* 设备锁检测
* @throws \App\Exceptions\UserException
*/
public function testDeviceCheckLock()
{
$this->expectExceptionCode(3026);
Cache::put('device-login-error-account-', '1,2,3,4,5', 300);
UserSecurityService::$request = null;
UserSecurityService::$udid = null;
UserSecurityService::deviceCheck(self::$userId);
}
}

断言成功结果：

PHPUnit + Laravel单元测试常用技能

4. 测试私有属性和私有方法使用反射机制

如果只测试私有方法可使用ReflectionMethod()反射方法，使用setAccessible(true)设置方法可访问，并使用invokeArgs()或invoke()调用方法(invokeArgs将参数作为数组传递)。例如检测IP是否在白名单中。

示例代码：

被检测代码：

namespace App\Facades\Services;
/**
* Class WebDefender
*/
class WebDefenderService extends BaseService
{
//ip白名单
private $ipWhiteList = [
'10.*',
'172.18.*',
'127.0.0.1'
];
/**
* ip是否在白名单中
*
* @param string $ip
*
* @return bool
*/
private function checkIPWhiteList($ip)
{
if (!$this->ipWhiteList || !is_array($this->ipWhiteList)) {
return false;
}
foreach ($this->ipWhiteList as $item) {
if (preg_match("/{$item}/", $ip)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}

检测方法：

<?php
namespace Tests\Unit;
use App\Facades\Services\WebDefenderService;
use Tests\TestCase;
class WebDefenderTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* 测试IP白名单
* @dataProvider additionProviderIp
*
* @param $ip
* @param $result
*
* @throws \ReflectionException
*/
public function testIPWhite($ip, $result)
{
$checkIPWhiteList = new \ReflectionMethod(WebDefenderService::class, 'checkIPWhiteList');
$checkIPWhiteList->setAccessible(true);
$this->assertEquals($result, $checkIPWhiteList->invokeArgs(new WebDefenderService(), [$ip]));
}
public function additionProviderIp()
{
return [
'10 ip' => ['10.1.1.7', true],
'172 ip' => ['172.18.2.5', true],
'127 ip' => ['127.0.0.1', true],
'192 ip' => ['192.168.0.1', false]
];
}
}

测试私有属性可使用ReflectionClass(), 获取属性用getProperty(), 设置属性的值用setValue(), 获取方法用getMethod(), 设置属性和方法可被访问使用setAccessible(true)。例如检测白名单路径。

示例代码：

被检测代码：

<?php
namespace App\Facades\Services;
use App\Exceptions\ExceptionCode;
use App\Exceptions\UserException;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
/**
* CC攻击防御器
* Class WebDefender
*/
class WebDefenderService extends BaseService
{
//路径白名单(正则)
private $pathWhiteList = [
//'^auth\/(.*)',
];
private static $request = null;
/**
* 请求路径是否在白名单中
*
* @return bool
*/
private function checkPathWhiteList()
{
$path = ltrim(self::$request->getPathInfo(), '/');
if (!$path || !$this->pathWhiteList || !is_array($this->pathWhiteList)) {
return false;
}
foreach ($this->pathWhiteList as $item) {
if (preg_match("/$item/", $path)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}

检测方法：

<?php
namespace Tests\Unit;
use App\Facades\Services\WebDefenderService;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Tests\TestCase;
class WebDefenderTest extends TestCase
{
/**
* 检测白名单路径
* @dataProvider additionProviderPathWhiteList
*
* @param $pathProperty
* @param $request
* @param $result
*
* @throws \ReflectionException
*/
public function testCheckPathWhiteList($pathProperty, $request, $result)
{
$reflectedClass = new \ReflectionClass('App\Facades\Services\WebDefenderService');
$webDefenderService = new WebDefenderService();
$reflectedPathWhiteList = $reflectedClass->getProperty('pathWhiteList');
$reflectedPathWhiteList->setAccessible(true);
$reflectedPathWhiteList->setValue($webDefenderService, $pathProperty);
$reflectedRequest = $reflectedClass->getProperty('request');
$reflectedRequest->setAccessible(true);
$reflectedRequest->setValue($request);
$reflectedMethod = $reflectedClass->getMethod('checkPathWhiteList');
$reflectedMethod->setAccessible(true);
$this->assertEquals($result, $reflectedMethod->invoke($webDefenderService));
}
public function additionProviderPathWhiteList()
{
$allPath = ['.*'];
$checkPath = ['^auth\/(.*)'];
$authSendSmsRequest = new Request([], [], [], [], [], ['HTTP_HOST' => 'api.dev.com', 'REQUEST_URI' => '/auth/sendSms']);
$indexRequest = new Request([], [], [], [], [], ['HTTP_HOST' => 'api.dev.com', 'REQUEST_URI' => '/']);
$noMatchRequest = new Request([], [], [], [], [], ['HTTP_HOST' => 'api.dev.com', 'REQUEST_URI' => '/product/sendSms']);
return [
'index' => [[], $authSendSmsRequest, false],
'no request' => [$allPath, $indexRequest, false],
'all request' => [$allPath, $authSendSmsRequest, true],
'check auth sms' => [$checkPath, $authSendSmsRequest, true],
'check path no match' => [$checkPath, $noMatchRequest, false]
];
}
}

5. 代码覆盖率

使用--coverage-html导出的报告含有类与特质覆盖率、行覆盖率、函数与方法覆盖率。可查看当前单元测试覆盖的范围。例如输出WebDefenderTest的代码覆盖率到桌面(phpunit tests/unit/WebDefenderTest --coverage-html ~/Desktop/test)

PHPUnit + Laravel单元测试常用技能

6. 指定代码覆盖率报告要包含哪些文件

在配置文件(phpunit.xml)里设置whitelist中的processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist=true, 设置目录用<directory>标签，设置文件用<file>标签。例如指定app/Services目录下的所有文件和app/Facades/Services/WebDefenderService.php在报告中。

示例代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit backupGlobals="false"
backupStaticAttributes="false"
bootstrap="tests/bootstrap.php"
colors="true"
convertErrorsToExceptions="true"
convertNoticesToExceptions="true"
convertWarningsToExceptions="true"
processIsolation="false"
stopOnFailure="false">
<testsuites>
<testsuite name="Unit">
<directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Unit</directory>
</testsuite>
<testsuite name="Feature">
<directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Feature</directory>
</testsuite>
</testsuites>
<filter>
<whitelist processUncoveredFilesFromWhitelist="true">
<directory suffix=".php">./app/Services</directory>
<file>./app/Facades/Services/WebDefenderService.php</file>
</whitelist>
</filter>
<php>
<server name="APP_ENV" value="local"/>
<server name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/>
<server name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="credis"/>
<server name="MAIL_DRIVER" value="array"/>
<server name="QUEUE_CONNECTION" value="sync"/>
<server name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
<server name="APP_CONFIG_CACHE" value="bootstrap/cache/config.phpunit.php"/>
<server name="APP_SERVICES_CACHE" value="bootstrap/cache/services.phpunit.php"/>
<server name="APP_PACKAGES_CACHE" value="bootstrap/cache/packages.phpunit.php"/>
<server name="APP_ROUTES_CACHE" value="bootstrap/cache/routes.phpunit.php"/>
<server name="APP_EVENTS_CACHE" value="bootstrap/cache/events.phpunit.php"/>
</php>
</phpunit>

7. 参考文档

PHPUnit官方文档 https://phpunit.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html
反射类 https://www.php.net/manual/en/class.reflectionclass.php
反射方法 https://www.php.net/manual/en/class.reflectionmethod.php

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原文链接：https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000020925586