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服务器之家 - 编程语言 - PHP教程 - php操作ElasticSearch搜索引擎流程详解

php操作ElasticSearch搜索引擎流程详解

2021-11-29 15:21autofelix PHP教程

ElasticSearch是一个基于Lucene的搜索引擎,是用Java语言开发的,能够达到实时搜索,稳定,可靠,快速,安装使用方便,作为Apache许可条款下的开放源码发布,是一种流行的企业级搜索引擎,是最受欢迎的企业搜索引擎

〝 古人学问遗无力,少壮功夫老始成 〞

如果这篇文章能给你带来一点帮助,希望给飞兔小哥哥一键三连,表示支持,谢谢各位小伙伴们。

一、安装

通过composer安装

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composer require 'elasticsearch/elasticsearch'

二、使用

创建ES类

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<?php
 
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
 
//如果未设置密码
$es = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(['xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'])->build();
 
//如果es设置了密码
$es = \Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(['http://username:password@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9200'])->build()

三、新建ES数据库

index 对应关系型数据(以下简称MySQL)里面的数据库,而不是对应MySQL里面的索引

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<?php
$params = [
    'index' => 'autofelix_db', #index的名字不能是大写和下划线开头
    'body' => [
        'settings' => [
            'number_of_shards' => 5,
            'number_of_replicas' => 0
        ]
    ]
];
$es->indices()->create($params);

四、创建表

  • 在MySQL里面,光有了数据库还不行,还需要建立表,ES也是一样的
  • ES中的type对应MySQL里面的表
  • ES6以前,一个index有多个type,就像MySQL中一个数据库有多个表一样
  • 但是ES6以后,每个index只允许一个type
  • 在定义字段的时候,可以看出每个字段可以定义单独的类型
  • 在first_name中还自定义了 分词器 ik,这是个插件,是需要单独安装的
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<?php
$params = [
    'index' => 'autofelix_db',
    'type' => 'autofelix_table',
    'body' => [
        'mytype' => [
            '_source' => [
                'enabled' => true
            ],
            'properties' => [
                'id' => [
                    'type' => 'integer'
                ],
                'first_name' => [
                    'type' => 'text',
                    'analyzer' => 'ik_max_word'
                ],
                'last_name' => [
                    'type' => 'text',
                    'analyzer' => 'ik_max_word'
                ],
                'age' => [
                    'type' => 'integer'
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
];
$es->indices()->putMapping($params);

五、插入数据

  • 现在数据库和表都有了,可以往里面插入数据了
  • 在ES里面的数据叫文档
  • 可以多插入一些数据,等会可以模拟搜索功能
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<?php
$params = [
    'index' => 'autofelix_db',
    'type' => 'autofelix_table',
    //'id' => 1, #可以手动指定id,也可以不指定随机生成
    'body' => [
        'first_name' => '飞',
        'last_name' => '兔',
        'age' => 26
    ]
];
$es->index($params);

六、 查询所有数据

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<?php
$data = $es->search();
 
var_dump($data);

七、查询单条数据

  • 如果你在插入数据的时候指定了id,就可以查询的时候加上id
  • 如果你在插入的时候未指定id,系统将会自动生成id,你可以通过查询所有数据后查看其id
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<?php
$params = [
    'index' => 'autofelix_db',
    'type' => 'autofelix_table',
    'id' =>  //你插入数据时候的id
];
$data = $es->get($params);

八、搜索

ES精髓的地方就在于搜索

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<?php
$params = [
    'index' => 'autofelix_db',
    'type' => 'autofelix_table',
    'body' => [
        'query' => [
            'constant_score' => [ //非评分模式执行
                'filter' => [ //过滤器,不会计算相关度,速度快
                    'term' => [ //精确查找,不支持多个条件
                        'first_name' => '飞'
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ]
];
 
$data = $es->search($params);
var_dump($data);

九、测试代码

基于Laravel环境,包含删除数据库,删除文档等操作

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<?php
use Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder;
use Faker\Generator as Faker;
 
/**
 * ES 的 php 实测代码
 */
class EsDemo
{
    private $EsClient = null;
    private $faker = null;
 
    /**
     * 为了简化测试,本测试默认只操作一个Index,一个Type
     */
    private $index = 'autofelix_db';
    private $type = 'autofelix_table';
 
    public function __construct(Faker $faker)
    {
        /**
         * 实例化 ES 客户端
         */
        $this->EsClient = ClientBuilder::create()->setHosts(['xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'])->build();
        /**
         * 这是一个数据生成库
         */
        $this->faker = $faker;
    }
 
    /**
     * 批量生成文档
     * @param $num
     */
    public function generateDoc($num = 100) {
        foreach (range(1,$num) as $item) {
            $this->putDoc([
                'first_name' => $this->faker->name,
                'last_name' => $this->faker->name,
                'age' => $this->faker->numberBetween(20,80)
            ]);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个文档
     * @param $id
     * @return array
     */
    public function delDoc($id) {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'type' => $this->type,
            'id' =>$id
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->delete($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 搜索文档,query是查询条件
     * @param array $query
     * @param int $from
     * @param int $size
     * @return array
     */
    public function search($query = [], $from = 0, $size = 5) {
//        $query = [
//            'query' => [
//                'bool' => [
//                    'must' => [
//                        'match' => [
//                            'first_name' => 'Cronin',
//                        ]
//                    ],
//                    'filter' => [
//                        'range' => [
//                            'age' => ['gt' => 76]
//                        ]
//                    ]
//                ]
//
//            ]
//        ];
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
//            'index' => 'm*', #index 和 type 是可以模糊匹配的,甚至这两个参数都是可选的
            'type' => $this->type,
            '_source' => ['first_name','age'], // 请求指定的字段
            'body' => array_merge([
                'from' => $from,
                'size' => $size
            ],$query)
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->search($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 一次获取多个文档
     * @param $ids
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDocs($ids) {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'type' => $this->type,
            'body' => ['ids' => $ids]
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->mget($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取单个文档
     * @param $id
     * @return array
     */
    public function getDoc($id) {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'type' => $this->type,
            'id' =>$id
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->get($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 更新一个文档
     * @param $id
     * @return array
     */
    public function updateDoc($id) {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'type' => $this->type,
            'id' =>$id,
            'body' => [
                'doc' => [
                    'first_name' => '张',
                    'last_name' => '三',
                    'age' => 99
                ]
            ]
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->update($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 添加一个文档到 Index 的Type中
     * @param array $body
     * @return void
     */
    public function putDoc($body = []) {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'type' => $this->type,
            // 'id' => 1, #可以手动指定id,也可以不指定随机生成
            'body' => $body
        ];
        $this->EsClient->index($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除所有的 Index
     */
    public function delAllIndex() {
        $indexList = $this->esStatus()['indices'];
        foreach ($indexList as $item => $index) {
            $this->delIndex();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取 ES 的状态信息,包括index 列表
     * @return array
     */
    public function esStatus() {
        return $this->EsClient->indices()->stats();
    }
 
    /**
     * 创建一个索引 Index (非关系型数据库里面那个索引,而是关系型数据里面的数据库的意思)
     * @return void
     */
    public function createIndex() {
        $this->delIndex();
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'body' => [
                'settings' => [
                    'number_of_shards' => 2,
                    'number_of_replicas' => 0
                ]
            ]
        ];
        $this->EsClient->indices()->create($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 检查Index 是否存在
     * @return bool
     */
    public function checkIndexExists() {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->indices()->exists($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个Index
     * @return void
     */
    public function delIndex() {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index
        ];
        if ($this->checkIndexExists()) {
            $this->EsClient->indices()->delete($params);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 获取Index的文档模板信息
     * @return array
     */
    public function getMapping() {
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index
        ];
        return $this->EsClient->indices()->getMapping($params);
    }
 
    /**
     * 创建文档模板
     * @return void
     */
    public function createMapping() {
        $this->createIndex();
        $params = [
            'index' => $this->index,
            'type' => $this->type,
            'body' => [
                $this->type => [
                    '_source' => [
                        'enabled' => true
                    ],
                    'properties' => [
                        'id' => [
                            'type' => 'integer'
                        ],
                        'first_name' => [
                            'type' => 'text',
                            'analyzer' => 'ik_max_word'
                        ],
                        'last_name' => [
                            'type' => 'text',
                            'analyzer' => 'ik_max_word'
                        ],
                        'age' => [
                            'type' => 'integer'
                        ]
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ];
        $this->EsClient->indices()->putMapping($params);
        $this->generateDoc();
    }
}

到此这篇关于php操作ElasticSearch搜索引擎流程详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关php ElasticSearch搜索引擎内容请搜索服务器之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持服务器之家!

原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41635750/article/details/121444448

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